“Wild Bill” Hickok, one of the greatest gunfighters of the American West, dies in Deadwood, South Dakota.

Anne Frank writes her last diary entry

Ranger 7, an unmanned U.S. lunar probe, takes the first close-up images of the moon—4,308 in total

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Medicare, a health insurance program for elderly Americans, into law

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is created

Hillary Clinton accepts Democratic nomination for president, becoming first woman to lead a major U.S. political party

Scientists successfully isolate insulin

U.S. postal system established

World’s first “test tube” baby born

American archeologist Hiram Bingham gets his first look at the ruins of Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca settlement in Peru that is now one of the world’s top tourist destinations

At the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the U.S. women’s gymnastics team wins its first-ever team gold

American aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York, having flown solo around the world in 7 days, 18 hours, and 49 minutes. He was the first aviator to accomplish the feat.

Wild Bill Hickok fights first western showdown

Neil Armstrong walks on moon

Rosetta Stone found

The great fire of Rome breaks out and destroys much of the city

Disneyland opens

The Manhattan Project yields explosive results as the first atom bomb is successfully tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico.

Ford Motor Company takes its first order

French revolutionaries storm the Bastille